- GENIE support - ANSI and DIN symbols - Schematic capture - Virtual instruments - Automatic wiring - Nets and virtual connections - Interactive circuit diagram simulation - On-screen animation - True analogue/digital simulation - Simulation of component destruction - Component fault simulation - Customizable component library 2 - Create your own subsystem blocks - Interactive component and pin hints
TheCAPWIZ Capacitor Wizard CAP1B by Midwest Devices is an extremely fast and reliable device designed to measure ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) on capacitors of 1uf and larger "IN CIRCUIT" eliminating the need to remove the capacitor for ac curate tests. The Capacitor Wizard CAP-1B finds BAD caps IN CIRCUIT or out of the circuit!!
Circuit Wizard 1.5 !EXCLUSIVE!
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Helps protect against accidentally damaging the Capacitor Wizard by attempting to test charged capacitors. Make a habit of following good service practices and discharge all capacitors before attempting a test - even if you install the CapSVR. Always remove power from the circuit under test.
Circuit Wizard is a reliable Windows program that combines circuit and PCB design, as well as simulation and CAD/CAM technology. This utility was specifically developed for electronic engineers and people who need to create or analyze a circuit network.
By using this tool, you have the ability to design a custom circuit network from scratch. All you need to do is grab the components from the library, connect them together and press the Play button to launch the simulation process.
Thanks to the powerful engine, you can be confident that results will be delivered in a timely manner. It is also necessary to mention that the in-built library includes a wide array of simulated components, ranging from simple transistors to complex circuit boards.
The application features an easy-to-navigate layout, which does not require you to have advanced skills in building a circuit network. In the right menu, you can access all the relevant instruments such as power suppliers, connectors, semiconductors and logic gates.
Similar to PCB Artist, you have the option to create electronic circuit designs based on various diagrams. Once created, these may be easily simulated and animated, thus allowing you to experiment and refine your ideas.
Placing images that represent the electronic components and then linking them defines a virtual circuit. It is like a plan for the system and this schematic entry is the most common way of designing a a circuit in most of the design packages.
A printed circuit board is the most common foundation for electronics systems. Components are placed on the board and the interconnecting tracks are part of the copper layer. These have been defined by a number of processes - mostly chemical etching of the tracks with a soecial mask that leaves the tracks intact but removes the adjoining copper. We do a similar process by engraving.
Electronics is a very exciting subject and has progressed through a number of stages in technology. Initailly mist circuits had a number of integrated circuits that could be set up in special ways to operate a system. These circuits came from transistors and other devices.
For a look at the cathodyne from a hi-fi persepctive, see my web exclusive book chapter here.The cathodyne phase inverter is a cross between a gain stage and a cathode follower, because the total load resistance is divided into two parts and shared between the anode and cathode. It has been used in many popular guitar amps including the Fender (push-pull) Princeton, most Orange amps and several Ampegs. It is also known as the 'split load' or 'concertina inverter'.However, it has received criticism from some quarters, though not always fairly. It is true that without due care and attention the cathodyne can produce some fairly ugly overdrive tones, but this is avoidable with a simple ValveWizard trick.
Avoiding Unpleasant Overdrive Because the cathodyne operates wit so much local feedback, strange things happen during overload conditions, and this is the main complaint about 'ordinary' cathodyne circuits. When the cathode output begins to overdrive its power valve, the input impedance of the power valve suddely drops, preventing the cathode voltage from rising further. This clamping of the cathode voltage makes the cathodyne look briefly like its cathode is bypassed, so its gain to the anode suddenly increases. You can see this 'gain spike' effect in the upper photograph. Fortunately, most push-pull amps are class AB, so the spike won't usually be amplified by the corresponding power valve since it will already be in cutoff when the spike occurs. However, if you are building a class-A amp then the spike can be avoided by using unusually large grid stoppers on the power valves, around 100k say. The main problem with the cathodyne occurs when it is itself overdriven. When grid current flows into the cathodyne and into Rk it causes the voltage across Rk to be artifically 'jacked up'. By this point the valve can't pull the anode down by an equal amount, so this voltage boost appears at the anode too, creating a sort of full-wave rectified or frequency doubled signal at the anode. This is shown in the lower photograph. It is usually this effect which causes the ugly 'blatting' overdrive tones sometimes heard in amps using this kind of phase inverter. Fortunately, the cure is simple. Just add a large grid stopper to the cathodyne, to limit the grid current. A value of 100k to 1Meg is usually necessary. Before you worry, this does not cause loss of high end. This is because the cathodyne only has unity gain, so it doesn't have huge Miller capacitance. In fact, its input capacitance is usually less than 10pF. This is the real secret to obtaining a smooth, consistent sound from the cathodyne in a guitar amp, with no side effects. Believe it or not, the long-tailed pair can also suffer from both of the above mentioned effects (but by different mechanisms), but it is much rarer.
The circuit on the left shows an example of a DC coupled cathodyne with arc-protection and grid-stopper to prevent frequency-doubling. In this case a small amount of quiescent grid-current flows in the cathodyne. The grid stopper therefore does double-duty by dropping the grid voltage and allowing the cathodyne to find a reasonable bias point despite the high anode voltage of the previous stage.
Analog circuit imperfections such as circuit element limitations, element value variations, layout parasitics, and device noise can all measurably affect system-level performance. To release a system design for production, you need to evaluate the effects of these analog circuit design details to confirm that the manufactured system meets its performance requirements. For linear, time-invariant analog circuits, the Linear Circuit Wizard block can help by directly solving the detailed circuit equations and packaging the solution in the form of behavioral blocks that will execute efficiently in a Simulink model.
To create the loop filter block, start by creating or obtaining a SPICE netlist description of the circuit. This example uses a third order passive loop filter defined in the SPICE netlist file 3rdOrderLoopFilter.sp. This netlist includes the independent current source Icp to define a current input port and a .print statement to define a voltage output port.
Detailed circuit designs that include the effects of circuit element limitations and layout parasitics typically only become available late in the development of a product. At that time, you should incorporate the detailed circuit design of critical components into the system model to confirm that the as-designed system is ready for production.
As a simple example of the types of circuit effects that should be included in the detailed as-designed model, add a charge pump output impedance of 10 kΩ and a VCO control voltage input impedance of 100 kΩ to the third order passive filter model.
This schematic and netlist also illustrate an important principle when multiple circuit blocks are to be cascaded. You can cascade multiple linear circuit blocks created by the Linear Circuit Wizard block. The accuracy of your result depends on the accuracy of the modeling of circuit loading at both the input and output of each circuit block.
To evaluate the effect of loop filter circuit loading, change Netlist file name to '3rdOrderCPLoading.sp' in the Linear Circuit Wizard parameters dialog box and click the Build/modify block button.
In this loop filter design, the last RC section of the loop filter with loading is replaced by a Sallen and Keye active filter. This circuit design introduces a pair of resonant poles with a modest Q factor.
The operational amplifier in this circuit is represented as a voltage controlled voltage source. The open loop response of this amplifier is modeled using the LAPLACE keyword and the expression " 6.3e7/6.3e7 1 ". This expression describes a rational transfer function with a numerator equal to 6.3e7 and the denominator (s+6.3e4). In other words, the amplifier has an open loop DC gain of 1000 and a pole at 10 kHz. This syntax can readily describe transfer functions with more poles and zeros.
Use Photodiode Wizard to design a transimpedance amplifier circuit to interface with a photodiode. Select a photodiode from the library included in the tool, or enter custom photodiode specifications. Quickly observe tradeoffs between Bandwidth, Peaking (Q), and ENOB/SNR. Modify circuit parameters, and immediately see results in plots for pulse response, frequency response, and noise gain.
Instrumentation amplifier datasheets typically show a graph (or several variations) of the Output Swing vs Input Common-Mode Voltage, also known as the Diamond Plot, which is a comprehensive graph of all external and internal headroom limits. Given enough basic information about a circuit, the Diamond Plot can be adjusted for various Supply Voltages, Gains, and Reference Pin Voltages. 2ff7e9595c
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